{"id":1074,"date":"2023-03-14T21:58:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T21:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ensantane.com\/?p=1074"},"modified":"2023-11-16T22:00:42","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T22:00:42","slug":"marxin-geride-biraktiklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/2023\/03\/14\/marxin-geride-biraktiklari\/","title":{"rendered":"MARX\u2019IN GER\u0130DE B\u0130RAKTIKLARI!"},"content":{"rendered":"

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MARX\u2019IN GER\u0130DE B\u0130RAKTIKLARI!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstad\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. O\u2019nu bir ka\u00e7 t\u00fcmceyle anlatmak ger\u00e7ekten zor.19\u2019 cu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc iki as\u0131r sonra bile anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Engels’in deyimiyle, “Marxizm son derece derinli\u011fi olan karma\u015f\u0131k bir doktrindir”. \u0130\u015fte bu doktrini bize \u00fcst\u00fcn bir emekle ula\u015ft\u0131ran b\u00fcy\u00fck usta ya dair az da olsa \u00f6\u011fretilerini bir ka\u00e7 paragrafta \u00f6zetlemekle onu ‘ yadetmek’ bizi onurland\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5 May\u0131s 1818 de Almanya\u2019da Trier kasabas\u0131nda varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Baba \u00e7evresinde \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f iyi bir avukat idi. \u0130lk e\u011fitimini ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayan gen\u00e7 Marx Bonn \u00fcniversitesinde hukuk \u00f6\u011frenimi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Daha sonra e\u011fitimini yar\u0131m b\u0131rakarak Berlin \u00fcniversitesine hukuk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne devam etti. Burada Hegel\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gen\u00e7 Hegelcilerle bir \u00e7evre kurdu. Hegel\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu ilgi onu daha \u00e7ok felsefi tart\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6neltti. Bu konuda tez yazd\u0131 ve giderek materyalizm \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Ne var ki\u00a0 \u00fcniversiteden kadro alamad\u0131. Doktora tezini vererek “yeni ren ” gazetesinde edit\u00f6rl\u00fck ve ba\u015fyazarl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 muhalif yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc gazete kapand\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrede i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. \u00c7ocukluk a\u015fk\u0131 Jeny ile evlendi. Almanya’da i\u015f bulamay\u0131nca Fransa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.(Galina Ate\u015fi \u00c7almak Cilt 1)<\/p>\n

Fransa da \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar berber y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi yolda\u015f\u0131 F.Engels ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hegel\u2019in materyalizmle ilgili \u00e7eli\u015fkili teoremini ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ederek diyalektik materyalizmi yeniden form\u00fcle etti. \u00dctopik sosyalizmin kuramc\u0131s\u0131 Saint Simon\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kar\u015f\u0131 bilimsel sosyalizm ile ilgili makaleler yazd\u0131. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u00e7evresi kalabal\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130smi b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa’da\u00a0 duyuldu. Prudhon\u2019la ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 polemiklere felsefi \u00e7eli\u015fkiler 1-2-3 gibi makalelerle cevap verdi. Anar\u015fizmin \u00fctopik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce den ibaret oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

Prudhon\u2019un “Sefaletin Felsefesi” eserine kar\u015f\u0131 “felsefenin sefaleti” ni yazd\u0131. Fransa\u2019da Engels le beraber “S\u0131n\u0131f Sava\u015flar\u0131” 1831 ve sonras\u0131yla ilgili yazd\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 getirdi.<\/p>\n

Yazd\u0131klar\u0131 Prusya (Almanya) y\u00f6netimini rahats\u0131z ediyordu. Prusya Fransa’ya bask\u0131 yaparak tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Bu nedenle Fransa’y\u0131 terk etti. Bel\u00e7ika\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti. Br\u00fcksel\u2019e yerle\u015fti. buras\u0131 ikinci s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeriydi.(Galina-Ate\u015fi \u00e7almak)<\/p>\n

Bel\u00e7ika’da nispeten rahat bir ortam buldu. Yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn burjuva iktidarlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z ediyordu. O ise bu durumdan son derece mutluydu. \u0130lk defa b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7ilerine hitap eden \u00fcnl\u00fc manifestoyu Engels ile beraber yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu eser “B\u00fct\u00fcn Uluslar\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Birle\u015finiz” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla KOM\u00dcN\u0130ST MAN\u0130FESTO idi. K\u0131sa zamanda bir \u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrildi. Engels ile beraber\u00a0 “KOM\u0130N\u0130STLER B\u0130RL\u0130G\u0130N\u0130” kurdu. 1\u2019nci Enternasyonal\u2019i toplad\u0131. \u0130lk toplant\u0131ya ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti.<\/p>\n

Avrupa burjuvazisi rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Almanya- Fransa ortakl\u0131 tutuklama talebini Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmetine iletti. Bunun \u00fczerine 3\u2019 c\u00fc s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olan \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye yerle\u015fti. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna kadar burada kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok eserini burada kaleme ald\u0131. Evi adeta b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya sosyalistlerinin ziyaret merkezi idi. Ba\u015f yap\u0131t\u0131 olan KAP\u0130TAL\u2019i burada kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

O g\u00fcne kadar kapitalizmi ve de\u011fer teorisini yazan ayn\u0131 zamanda ‘ekonomi politik’ in babas\u0131 say\u0131lan William Pety’i\u00a0 mahk\u00fbm etti. Pety\u2019in metan\u0131n kullan\u0131m \u00f6zelli\u011fini de\u011fer teorisine ba\u011flayan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Marx, de\u011feri metaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren emek olgusunun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. S\u0131ras\u0131yla Quinsy, Hamilton, Ferguson, Urre, Ricardo, J.R Say, A.Smith, W.Kristofer, Baker gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc burjuva iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 mahk\u00fbm etti. Kapital 1\u2019ci derste 10 yarda keten bezi ve 5 libre pamuk \u00f6rne\u011fiyle \u00fcretimdeki art\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn ve art\u0131 de\u011fer teoremini geli\u015ftirdi ve art- de\u011fer i ” kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmemi\u015f emek sayesinde \u00fcretilen ve sermayeye katk\u0131 sunan meta ” olarak tarif etti.<\/p>\n

O bize \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretti. ” Aslolan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yorumlamak de\u011fil de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir, aksini iddia etmek riyakarl\u0131kt\u0131r derken Marxizm\u2019in bir eylem klavuzu oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7ti.7 \u00e7ocu\u011fundan d\u00f6rd\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131k ve sefalet dolu bir hayata dayanamad\u0131. Onlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Ve bizler isyankarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ne K\u00f6ro\u011flu\u2019na ne Dadalo\u011flu\u2019na ne de Pir Sultan\u2019a bor\u00e7luyuz. Bizler onun \u00f6\u011fretilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in Marksistiz. Bu nedenle bilimsel sosyalizm bizim nihai kurtulu\u015fumuz ve hedefimizdir….<\/p>\n

\u00c7OK YASA B\u00dcY\u00dcK \u00dcSTAD…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MARX\u2019IN GER\u0130DE B\u0130RAKTIKLARI! Bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstad\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc. O\u2019nu bir ka\u00e7 t\u00fcmceyle anlatmak ger\u00e7ekten zor.19\u2019 cu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc iki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,71,72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emek-dunyasi","category-genclik-2","category-guncel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1076,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1074\/revisions\/1076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dkder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}